The Fleet Type Submarine Online

	The Fleet Type Submarine Online

Folks,

The Fleet Type Submarine, Navpers 16160, is the first in a series of submarine training manuals that was completed just after WW II. The series describes the peak of WW II US submarine technology.

In this online version of the manual we have attempted to keep the flavor of the original layout while taking advantage of the Web's universal accessibility. Different browsers and fonts will cause the text to move, but the text will remain roughly where it is in the original manual. In addition to errors we have attempted to preserve from the original (for example, it was H.L. Hunley, not CS Huntley), this text was captured by a combination of optical character recognition and human typist. Each method creates errors that are compounded while encoding for the Web. Please report any typos, or particularly annoying layout issues with the Mail Feedback Form for correction.

Our thanks to Shelly Shelstad, creator of History on CD ROM for permitting us to use images he has scanned, particularly the oversized images that were meticulously pieced together. History on CD ROM sells a very nice CD or thumb drive version of this manual in PDF format for easy access off the web and for a printing. Thanks also to Bonnie Steigler for her typing services, and IKON Office Solutions (now Ricoh USA http://www.ricoh-usa.com) for scanning services.

Richard Pekelney
Editor

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NavPers 16160

Produced for ComSubLant by
Standards and Curriculum Division
Training, Bureau of Naval Personnel

June 1946

~~RESTRICTED~~

This is one of a series of Submarine Training Manuals. The series includes:

1.	The Fleet Type Submarine	NavPers 16160
2.	Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels	NavPers 16161
3.	Submarine Electrical Installations	NavPers 16162
4.	Submarine Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Systems	NavPers 16163
5.	Submarine Distilling Systems	Navpers 16163A
6.	Submarine Air Systems	NavPers 16164
7.	Submarine Periscope Manual	NavPers 16165
8.	Submarine Trim and Drain Systems	NavPers 16166
9.	Submarine Sonar Operator's Manual	NavPers 16167
10.	Submarine Underwater Log Systems	NavPers 16168
11.	Submarine Hydraulic Systems	NavPers 16169
12.	Torpedo Tubes, 21-Inch submerged, Mks 32 to 39	O.P. 1085

PREFACE

The Submarine School, Submarine Base, New London, Connecticut, and other activities of Submarines Atlantic Fleet, have collaborated in the preparation of this manual. It is designed to serve as both an instruction and an operation manual.

Since, in wartime, changes in design and construction developed rapidly as a result of battle experience, it became increasingly difficult to incorporate into this text all classes of submarines. Therefore, the USS Perch, or SS313, was selected as representative of the class discussed and described in the text. In some instances, however, it was found desirable to make reference to later units and to describe and illustrate these newer installations so that a more complete text would result.

The manual on the fleet type submarine includes descriptive information covering:

a.	Submarine history and development
b.	Submarine construction
c.	Submarine systems
d.	Submarine operations
e.	Submarine training

iii

CONTENTS

SUBMARINE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 1.	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBMARINE
	A. Early Underwater Devices	1
	B. Early Submarines	2
	C. Modern Submarines	4
	D. General Data	6

SUBMARINE CONSTRUCTION

CHAPTER 2.	DEFINITIONS AND PHRASEOLOGY
	A. General Definitions	17
	B. Standard Phraseology	19
	C. Common Abbreviations	21
CHAPTER 3.	COMPARTMENTATION AND EXTERIOR INSTALLATIONS
	A. Compartmentation	22
	B. Exterior Installations	38
CHAPTER. 4.	TANK ARRANGEMENTS
	A. Tanks	39
	B. Water Ballast Tanks	43
	C. Main Ballast Tanks	44
	D. Variable Ballast Tanks	46
	E. Special Ballast Tanks	46
	F. Fuel Ballast Tanks	48
	G. Additional Tanks	50
CHAPTER 5.	BUOYANCY AND STABILITY
	A. Buoyancy	53
	B. Stability	55

iv
SUBMARINE SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 6.	ENGINEERING PLANT
	A. Type of Drive	62
	B. Engines	62
	C. Electrical Equipment	65
	D. Auxiliary Equipment	70
	E. Circuits and Switchboards	73
CHAPTER 7.	VENTILATION SYSTEM
	A. Ventilation Arrangement	76
	B. Air Purification	82
	C. Valves	85
CHAPTER 8.	REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
	A. Principles of Mechanical Refrigeration	95
	B. Mechanical Details of Air-Conditioning System	96
CHAPTER 9.	WATER SYSTEM
	A. Introduction	99
	B. Fresh Water System	99
	C. Battery Water System	101
	D. Galley Equipment	101
	E. Plumbing	102
	F. Heads	102
	G. Distillation	103
CHAPTER 10.	TRIM AND DRAIN SYSTEMS
	A. Trim System	108
	B. Trim Pump	109
	C. Manifolds	114
	D. Valves	117
	E. Drain System	117
	F. Drain Pump	119
	G. Valves and Fittings	119

v
CHAPTER 11.	AIR SYSTEMS
	A. General Data	122
	B. Types and Relationships of Air Systems	122
	C. High-Pressure Air and Torpedo Impulse Air Systems	123
	D. The 600-Pound Main Ballast Tank Blowing System	125
	E. The 225-Pound Air System (Ship's Service Air)	126
	F. The 10-Pound Main Ballast Tank Blowing System	129
	G. Salvage Air System	129
CHAPTER 12.	MAIN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
	A. Introduction	132
	B. Power Generating System	135
	C. Operations	141
	D. Forward and After Service Lines	143
	E. Emergency Steering and Plane Tilting Systems	144
CHAPTER 13.	THE STEERING SYSTEM
	A. Introduction	145
	B. Description	145
	C. Operations	150
CHAPTER 14.	BOW AND STERN PLANES SYSTEMS
	A. Introduction	156
	B. Bow and Stern Plane Diving Gear	156
	C. Operations	157
CHAPTER 15.	ANCHOR HANDLING GEAR AND CAPSTANS
	A. Anchor Handling Gear	161
	B. Capstans	161
	C. Operations	162
CHAPTER 16.	FUEL AND LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEMS
	A. Fuel Oil System	163
	B. Reserve Fuel Oil Tanks	166
	C. Lubricating Oil System	167

vi
SUBMARINE OPERATIONS

CHAPTER 17.	GENERAL SURFACE OPERATIONS
	A. Officer of the Deck	170
	B. Ship Handling	171
	C. Standard Phraseology	173
CHAPTER 18.	GENERAL DIVING OPERATIONS
	A. Submerging	175
	B. Submerged Operation	177
	C. Surfacing	181
	D. Phraseology	182
CHAPTER 19.	COMPENSATION
	A. General	183
	B. Compensation by Moments	183
	C. The Compensation Curve	186
	D. Compensation by Percentage	188
CHAPTER 20.	PATROL ROUTINE
	A. Introduction	191
	B. Duties of Watch Standers	191
	C. Diving and Surfacing Procedures	196
	D. Approach Officer	199
	E. Torpedo Rooms	199
	F. Standard Phraseology	199

SUBMARINE TRAINING

CHAPTER 21.	SUBMARINE TRAINING DEVICES
	A. General	201
	B. The Attack Teacher	201
	C. The Diving Trainer.	201
	D. The Torpedo Tube Trainer	204
APPENDIX.	COMPREHENSIVE DRAWINGS	Back of book

vii
ILLUSTRATIONS

1-1	The Turtle of David Bushnell, from a drawing by Lt. F. M. Barber, USN, 1875	2
1-2	Fulton's Nautilus, about 1800	3
1-3	The Huntley, one of numerous "Davids" constructed during the War Between the States	4
1-4	The Argonaut Jr.	5
1-5	USS O-7 (1918)	6
1-6	USS R-6 (1919)	7
1-7	USS S-17 (1921)	7
1-8.	USS S-46 (1925)	8
1-9	USS Narwhal (1930)	8
1-10	USS Blackfin (1944)	9
1-11	Type of construction, showing arrangement of compartments without the superstructure or tanks	10
1-12.	Type of construction, showing the general arrangement of the superstructure	10
1-13.	Torpedo tubes	12
1-14.	Deck gun, 5"/'25	12
1-15.	Anti-aircraft gun, 40 mm	13
1-16.	Anti-aircraft gun. 20 mm	13
1-17.	Small arms and pyrotechnics	14
1-18.	Conning tower, looking aft	14
1-19.	Lower portion of a modern periscope	15
3-1.	Forward torpedo room	23
3-2.	Forward battery compartment	24
3-3.	Control room (starboard side) and radio room	26
3-4.	Control room	27
3-5.	Pump room	28
3-6.	Conning tower	30
3-7.	After battery compartment and crew's quarters	31
3-8.	Forward engine room	32
3-9.	After engine room	34
3-10.	Maneuvering room, above platform deck	35
3-11.	Motor room	36
3-12.	After torpedo room	37
4-1.	Venting and flooding arrangement	45
4-2.	Tank connections	47
4-3.	Tank arrangement	49
5-1.	Buoyancy depends on volume	53
5-2.	Volume of displacement is changed	54

viii
5-3.	States of equilibrium	55
5-4.	The metacenter.	56
5-5.	A submarine on the surface	56
5-6.	Change of center of buoyancy and metacenter during submergence	57
5-7.	The center of buoyancy shifts	57
5-8.	The effect of shape and freeboard on stability	58
5-9.	Stability increases with lengths of waterline	59
5-10.	Effect of free surface on stability	60
6-1.	General arrangement of main propulsion equipment	63
6-2.	General Electric main propulsion control cubicle	68
6-3.	Split type main propulsion control cubicle	69
7-1.	Engine induction and ship's supply outboard valve.	77
7-2.	Ventilation blower	79
7-3.	Battery ventilation	80
7-4.	Carbon dioxide absorbent	83
7-5.	Oxygen tank	85
7-6.	Engine induction hull valves	86
7-7.	Bulkhead flapper valves	88
7-8.	Ventilation operation condition No. 1	89
7-9.	Ventilation operation condition No. 2	89
7-10.	Ventilation operation condition No. 3	90
7-11.	Ventilation operation condition No. 4	90
7-12.	Ventilation operation condition No. 5	91
7-13.	Ventilation operation condition No. 7	91
7-14.	Schematic diagram of the ventilation system	92
9-1.	Ship's fresh water filling valve	99
9-2.	Try cocks	100
9-3.	Expulsion type head	102
9-4.	Gravity flush type head	103
9-5.	Kleinschmidt distillers	104
9-6.	Distiller controls	106
10-1.	Trim pump	110
10-2.	Trim pump controls	111
10-3.	Priming pump	112
10-4.	Trim manifold	115
10-5.	Drain pump	120
10-6.	Drain pump controls	121
11-1.	Compressed air systems	124
12-1.	IMO pump	134
12-2.	Hydraulic accumulator	136

ix
12-3.	Main hydraulic control station	137
12-4.	Charging the hydraulic accumulator	139
12-5.	Accumulator discharging	140
13-1.	Waterbury speed gear	147
13-2.	Steering stand	149
13-3.	Change valve	151
13-4.	Stroke adjuster	151
13-5.	Shifting steering control	151
13-6.	Steering wheel	151
13-7	Starting control	152
13-8	Starting control	152
13-9.	Change valve	152
13-10	Stroke Adjuster	152
13-11.	Shifting steering control	155
13-12.	Steering wheel	153
13-13.	Starting control	153
13-14.	Change valve	153
13-15.	Main cutout manifold	154
13-16.	Emergency steering	154
13-17.	Emergency steering wheel	154
13-18.	Emergency control valve lock	154
13-19.	Shifting steering control	155
13-20.	Emergency connecting link	155
14-1.	Diving control station	158
16-1.	Transfer and purifier pump	164
16-2.	Lubricating oil purifier	166
16-3.	Fuel oil system	168
18-1	The hull opening indicator light panel	176
18-2.	Forces affecting depth control	178
19-1.	Compensation by moments	187
19-2.	Compensation by percentage	189
21-1.	The diving trainer	202
21-2.	The torpedo tube trainer	203
A-1.	Compartmentation	Back of book
A-2.	Exterior installations	Back of book
A-3.	General arrangement of the tanks	Back of book
A-4.	Main ballast tanks and fuel ballast tanks	Back of book
A-5.	Variable ballast tanks and sanitary tanks	Back of book
A-6.	Special ballast tanks and lubricating oil tanks	Back of book
A-7.	Fuel ballast tanks, normal fuel tanks, and collecting and expansion tanks	Back of book

x
A-8.	Fresh water and battery water systems	Back of book
A-9.	Main propulsion plant	Back of book
A-10.	Ventilation system	Back of book
A-11.	Refrigeration system	Back of book
A-12.	Trim and drain systems	Back of book
A-13.	Air system comprehensive	Back of book
A-14.	High-pressure air system	Back of book
A-15.	The 600-pound main ballast tank blowing system	Back of book
A-16.	The 225-pound service air system	Back of book
A-17.	The 10-pound main ballast tank blowing system	Back of book
A-18.	Salvage air system	Back of book
A-19.	Main hydraulic system	Back of book
A-20	Steering system	Back of book
A-21.	Bow and stern planes system	Back of book
A-22.	Bow plane rigging and tilting by power	Back of book
A-23.	Bow plane tilting by hand	Back of book
A-24.	Bow plane rigging by hand	Back of book
A-25.	Stern plane tilting in emergency	Back of book
A-26.	Windlass and capstan gear	Back of book
A-27.	Fuel oil and compensating system	Back of book
A-28.	Inboard section of a fleet type submarine	Back of book

Photo of submarine underway

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